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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

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    <title>Artificial Intelligence and Natural Folly</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/1995/03/22#ai-and-folly</link>
    <description>

Natural minds evolved for specific purposes - survival under constraints of
finite knowledge, intelligence, and time to act.  Thus necessity of &lt;a href=&quot;selection.html&quot;&gt;selection&lt;/a&gt; of experience and courses of action, imposition of
order on sensory data, all implying needs, wants, drives.  Thus, folly:
errors (since perfection does not evolve), and more particularly
emotional biases, superstitions, &lt;em&gt;id&amp;eacute;es fixes.&lt;/em&gt; (Cite
Dennett, James, Jahoda.)  Thus, natural folly is probably unavoidable.
Artificial intelligence: interest and selection are &lt;em&gt;necessary&lt;/em&gt;
features of finite intelligence (though not of course sufficient).  We
must suppose therefore that AIs --- or IAs --- will exhibit a similar sort
of &quot;natural&quot; folly.  Mention, e.g., stereotyping by neural networks.
(Observed, personally, in cognitive science 1.)
&lt;P&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Sphex&lt;/em&gt; as the type of natural folly, finitude dept.
&lt;P&gt;History of natural folly.  Castigation of folly is ancient and, while
purely moral, startlingly ineffective.  Not even Erasmus achieved
anything in that direction.  Practical remedies - memorization (rhapsodes),
logic, argument (Sophists, Socrates, Plato).  Experiment and skepticism.
Diagnostic studies (e.g. Hume) early identified greed and other moral
weaknesses, - a natural transition from moral stricture.

See also: &lt;a href=&quot;ai.html&quot;&gt;Artificial intelligence&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;cognitive-science.html&quot;&gt;Cognitive Science&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;dennett.html&quot;&gt;Daniel Dennett&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;imagination.html&quot;&gt;Imagination&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;intellectual-immunity.html&quot;&gt;Intellectual immune systems&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;intellectual-standards.html&quot;&gt;Intellectual standards and competence&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;ia.html&quot;&gt;Intelligence augmentation&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;judgment.html&quot;&gt;Judgment and Decision-Making&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;memes.html&quot;&gt;Memes&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;memory.html&quot;&gt;Memories&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;neuroscience.html&quot;&gt;Neuroscience&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;a href=&quot;superstition.html&quot;&gt;Supersitition&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;James Reason, &lt;cite&gt;Human Error&lt;/cite&gt; [Wonderful author/title
correspondence... &lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521314194&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;.]
	&lt;li&gt;Kurt VanLehn, &lt;citE&gt;Mind Bugs: The Origins of Procedural
Misconceptions&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://mitpress.mit.edu/0-262-22036-9&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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