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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>America, United States of</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/2010/01/15#america</link>
    <description>

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;The furnace where the future is being forged.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;br&gt;--- Trotsky&lt;/blockquote&gt;

See also &lt;a href=&quot;cultural-criticism.html&quot;&gt;cultural criticism&lt;/a&gt;.
A more-than-usually-inadequate notebook.

&lt;P&gt;I'm particularly interested in the cultural, social and economic changes
around 1880--1920, which seems to be when we &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; become what Trotsky
took us to be, and finally gave up on being a rural republic.  This, to my
mind, was a Good Thing, but I want to understand it better.  (I've written a
little about this in two book reviews
(&lt;a
href=&quot;../reviews/beniger/&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;../reviews/carr-vs-cercone/&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;).
E.g., how did our experience during this period compare with that of other
industrializing countries?  How different was it from, e.g., Germany, Italy or
Japan?

&lt;P&gt;See also:
	&lt;a href=&quot;cold-war.html&quot;&gt;the Cold War&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;congress.html&quot;&gt;Congress&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;foreign-policy.html&quot;&gt;Foreign Policy (American)&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;
We are stranger than you imagine, and probably more dangerous.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;br&gt;--- &lt;a href=&quot;http://nielsenhayden.com/electrolite/archives/002321.html#002321&quot;&gt;Patrick Nielsen Hayden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;Recommended (very miscellaneous and inadequate):
	&lt;li&gt;Jacques Barzun, &lt;cite&gt;God's Country and Mine&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James Beniger, &lt;cite&gt;The Control Revolution: Technological and
Economic Origins of the Information Society&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;../reviews/beniger/&quot;&gt;Review&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Annette Bernhardt, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://faculty.washington.edu/morrism/&quot;&gt;Martina Morris&lt;/a&gt;, Mark
S. Handcock, and Marc A. Scott, &lt;cite&gt;Divergent Paths: Economic Mobility in the
New American Labor Market&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.russellsage.org/publications/books/0-87154-150-5&quot;&gt;Blurb, table
of contents, first chapter&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Harold Bloom, &lt;cite&gt;The American Religion&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Stephen Budiansky, &lt;cite&gt;The Bloody Shirt: Terror after Appomattox&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Whitney R. Cross, &lt;cite&gt;The Burned-Over District: The Social
and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800--1850&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Vivian Gornick, &lt;citE&gt;The Romance of American Communism&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;John A. Hall and Charles Lindholm, &lt;cite&gt;Is America Breaking
Apart?&lt;/cite&gt; [Ans.: No.]
	&lt;li&gt;Richard Hofstadter
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;citE&gt;Anti-Intellectualism in American Life&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;citE&gt;The Paranoid Style in American Politics&lt;/citE&gt;
[The title essay is &lt;a href=&quot;http://karws.gso.uri.edu/jfk/conspiracy_theory/the_paranoid_mentality/the_paranoid_style.html&quot;&gt;online&lt;/a&gt;]
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James McPhee, &lt;cite&gt;Annals of the Former World&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James M. McPherson, &lt;cite&gt;Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Eric Rauchway
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Blessed Among Nations: How the World Made America&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very
Short Introduction&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kate Schemerhorn, &lt;cite&gt;America's Idea of a Good Time&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ronald C. Tobey, &lt;cite&gt;Technology as Freedom: The New Deal and the
Electrical Modernization of the American Home&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5v19n9w0&quot;&gt;Online&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Alfredo G. A. Valladao, &lt;cite&gt;The Twenty-First Century Will Be
American&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Richard M. Abrams, &lt;cite&gt;America Transformed: Sixty Years of
Revolutionary Change, 1941--2001&lt;/citE&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521862469&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Michael Adas, &lt;cite&gt;Dominance by Design: Technological Imperatives
and America's Civilizing Mission&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/ADADOM.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Fred Anderson and Andrew Cayton, &lt;cite&gt;The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500--2000&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David Armitage, &lt;cite&gt;The Declaration of Independence: A Global
History&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/ARMDEC.html&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Barbara Arneil, &lt;cite&gt;Diverse Communities: The Problem with Social
Capital&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;the changes in American civil society in the last half century
are not so much the result of generational change or television as the
unleashing of powerful economic, social and cultural forces that, despite
leading to division and distrust within American society, also contributed to
greater justice for women and cultural minorities&quot;]
	&lt;li&gt;Wayne E. Baker, &lt;cite&gt;America's Crisis of Values: Reality and
Perception&lt;/cite&gt; [Actual &lt;em&gt;data&lt;/em&gt; in a discussion of values!  Unheard-of!
&quot;The evidence shows overwhelmingly that America has not lost its traditional
values, that the nation compares favorably with most other societies, and that
the culture war is largely a myth.&quot;  &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/7845.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, first
chapter&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Louis Bergeron and Maria Teresa Maiullari-Pontois, &lt;cite&gt;Industry,
Architecture and Engineering: American Ingenuity, 1750--1950&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;only
comprehensive illustrated history of American industrial architecture &amp; civil
engineering from the 18th to 20th centuries &amp; is an invaluable record of a key
aspect of our heritage.&quot;]
	&lt;li&gt;Carol Berkin, &lt;cite&gt;A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American
Constitution&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David P. Billington and David P. Billington, Jr., &lt;cite&gt;Power,
Speed and Form: Engineers and the Making of the Twentieth Century&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/8261.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Judith R. Blau, &lt;cite&gt;The Shape of Culture: A Study of Contemporary
Cultural Patterns in the United States&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;This book systematically
examines prevailing cultural patterns in contemporary [1992] American
society. Using information on several thousands of cultural organizations,
including opera and chamber music companies as well as cinemas and live rock
concerts, ... examines the geography of culture, the changing demands for
culture, the interdependencies among cultural organizations of different kinds,
the nature of labor markets for artists, and the effects of arts subsidies on
nonprofit cultural establishments over a ten year
period.&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521437938&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Paul Boyer, &lt;cite&gt;By the Bomb's Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sarah Burns, &lt;cite&gt;Painting the Dark Side: Art and the Gothic
Imagination in Nineteenth-Century America&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9270.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, intro&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Bill Bryson, &lt;cite&gt;Lost Continent: Travels in Small Town America&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;W. J. Cash, &lt;cite&gt;The Mind of the South&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Steven Cassedy, &lt;cite&gt;To the Other Shore: The Russian Jewish
Intellectuals Who Came to America&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://press.princeton.edu/titles/6055.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Andrew Cohen, &lt;cite&gt;The Racketeer's Progress: Chicago and the Struggle
for the Modern American Economy, 1900--1940&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/9780521834667&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Celeste Michelle Condit and John Louis Lucaites, &lt;cite&gt;Crafting
Equality: America's Anglo-African Word&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/12210.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Dora L. Costa and Matthew E. Kahn, &lt;citE&gt;Heroes and Cowards: The
Social Face of War&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8734.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, ch. 1&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Tyler Cowen, &lt;cite&gt;Good and Plenty: The Creative Successes of
American Arts Funding&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/8137.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, ch. 1&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Matthew A. Crenson and Benjamin Ginsberg, &lt;cite&gt;Downsizing
Democracy: How America Sidelined Its Citizens and Privatized Its Public&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Alfred W. Crosby, &lt;cite&gt;America's Forgotten Pandemic: The
Influenza of 1918&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jim Cullen, &lt;cite&gt;The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea
That Shaped a Nation&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Robert Alan Dahl, &lt;cite&gt;How Democratic Is the American
Constitution?&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Angie Debo, &lt;cite&gt;And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the
Five Civilized Tribes&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Victoria de Grazia, &lt;cite&gt;Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Mark Dery, &lt;citE&gt;The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Mary L. Dudziak, &lt;Cite&gt;Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of
American Democracy&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Thomas Ferguson, &lt;cite&gt;Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party
Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems&lt;/cite&gt; [By
&quot;systems&quot; he means &quot;America&quot;.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/12834.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;John Ferling, &lt;cite&gt;Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create
the American Republic&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David Hackett Fischer
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Albion's Seed&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;citE&gt;Liberty and Freedom: A Visual History of America's Founding Ideas&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Donna R. Gabaccia, &lt;cite&gt;Immigration and American Diversity: A
Social and Cultural History&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gary Gerstle, &lt;cite&gt;American Crucible: Race and Nation in the
Twentieth Century&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Edward L. Glaeser and Glaudia Goldin, &lt;cite&gt;Corruption and Reform:
Lessons from America's Economic History&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/175391.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;William Graebner, &lt;cite&gt;The Engineering of Consent: Democracy and
Authority in Twentieth-Century America&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Nicholas Guyatt, &lt;cite&gt;Providence and the Invention of the United
States, 1607--1876&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;how did Americans come to think that God favored
the United States above other
nations?&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/9780521687300&quot;&gt;Full blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Andrew Hacker, &lt;cite&gt;Money: Who Has How Much and Why&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Derek Hayes, &lt;cite&gt;Historical Atlas of the United States&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/10821.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Godfrey Hodgson, &lt;cite&gt;More Equal Than Others: America from Nixon
to the New Century&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;Great and growing inequality has been the most
salient social fact about the America of the conservative ascendancy. It is
hard not to ask whether that was not one of the conservatives' strategic
goals.&quot;]
	&lt;li&gt;Richard Hofstadter
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Age of Reform&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The American Political Tradition&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David Hollinger, &lt;cite&gt;Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James J. Horn, &lt;cite&gt;Adapting to a New World: English Society in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David Hounshell, &lt;cite&gt;From the American System to Mass Production,
1800--1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United
States&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kenneth T. Jackson, &lt;cite&gt;Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James M. Jasper, &lt;cite&gt;Restless Nation: Starting Over in
America&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/14079.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrence, &lt;cite&gt;Captain America and the Crusade Against Evil: The Dilemma of Zealous Nationalism&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jacqueline Jones, &lt;cite&gt;American Work: Four Centuries of Black and White Labor&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Lisa A. Keister
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Getting Rich: America's New Rich and How They Got
That Way&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Wealth in America: Trends in Wealth Inequality&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Richard F. Kuisel, &lt;cite&gt;Seducing the French: The Dilemma of
Americanization&lt;/citE&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft4w10060w/&quot;&gt;online&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Kevin M. Kruse, &lt;cite&gt;White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of
Modern Conservatism&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/8043.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Pamela Walker Laird, &lt;cite&gt;Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/LAIPUL.html&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Livingston, &lt;cite&gt;Pragmatism and the Political Economy of Cultural
Revolution&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;J. M. Mancini, &lt;cite&gt;Pre-Modernism: Art-World Change and American
Culture from the Civil War to the Armory Show&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7983.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Roland Marchand, &lt;cite&gt;Creating the Corporate Soul: The Rise of
Public Relations and Corporate Imagery in American Big Business&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Timothy Marr, &lt;cite&gt;The Cultural Roots of American
Islamicism&lt;/cite&gt; [&quot;cultural history of Americans' engagement with Islam in the
colonial and antebellum
period&quot;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cambridge.org/0521852935&quot;&gt;full blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton, &lt;cite&gt;American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;McGerr, &lt;cite&gt;A Fierce Discontent&lt;/cite&gt; [the Progressive movement]
	&lt;li&gt;William G. Meyer, &lt;cite&gt;The Changing American Mind: How and Why
American Public Opinion Changed between 1960 and 1988&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;M. A. Muqtedar Khan, &lt;cite&gt;American Muslims: Bridging Faith and
Freedom&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Mark A. Noll, &lt;cite&gt;America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David E. Nye
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;citE&gt;America as Second Creation: Technology and Narratives
of New Beginnings&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Consuming Power: A Social History of American
Energies&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Electrifying America: The Social Meaning of a New
Technology, 1880--1920&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kathryn S. Olmsted, &lt;cite&gt;Real Enemies: Conspiracy Theories
and American Democracy, World War I to 9/11&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Charles Perrow, &lt;cite&gt;Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the
Origins of Corporate Capitalism&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dale E. Peterson, &lt;cite&gt;Up from Bondage: The Literatures of
Russian and African American &quot;Soul&quot;&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Noah Pickus, &lt;cite&gt;True Faith and Allegiance: Immigration and
American Civic Nationalism&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/8093.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, intro&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Ann Powers, &lt;cite&gt;Weird Like Us: My Bohemian America&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Stephen Prothero, &lt;cite&gt;American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Chip Rhodes, &lt;cite&gt;Structures of the Jazz Age: Mass Culture,
Progressive Education and Racial Disclosures in American Modernism&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Laura Rigal, &lt;cite&gt;American Manufactory: Art, Labor, and the World of Things in the Early Republic&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Martin Riesebrodt, &lt;cite&gt;Pious Passion: The Emergence of Modern
Fundamentalism in the United States and Iran&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Philippe Roger, &lt;cite&gt;The American Enemy: The History of French
Anti-Americanism&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16567.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Robert W. Rydell and Rob Kroes, &lt;cite&gt;Buffalo Bill in Bologna: The
Americanization of the World, 1869--1922&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/151394.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;David Shields, &lt;cite&gt;Civil Tongues and polite Letters in British America&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Camilo Jose Vergara, &lt;cite&gt;American Ruins&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Andrew Wiese, &lt;cite&gt;Places of Their Own: African American
Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/16089.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;William Appleman Williams, &lt;cite&gt;The Contours of American
History&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Richard Guy Wilson et al., &lt;cite&gt;The Machine Age in America,
1918--1941&lt;/cite&gt; [Exhibition catalog]
	&lt;li&gt;Robert Wuthnow, &lt;cite&gt;American Mythos: Why Our Best Efforts to Be a
Better Nation Fall Short&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/8140.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, intro&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Olivier Zunz, &lt;cite&gt;Why the American Century?&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/13641.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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