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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>Ancient trade</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/1994/10/03#ancient-trade</link>
    <description>


&lt;P&gt;In the time of the &lt;a href=&quot;classical-era-mediterranean.html&quot;&gt;classical
civilizations&lt;/a&gt;; in the Bronze Age; in the neolithic.  &lt;a
href=&quot;central-asia.html&quot;&gt;Inner Asia&lt;/a&gt;, especially the Silk Road; the Indian
Ocean routes.  Comparison with Melanesian &lt;em&gt;kula&lt;/em&gt; chains.

&lt;P&gt;It's sometimes argued that science, democracy and commerce went together in
Ionia and similarly enlightened parts of Greece --- but what about their
trading partners, like the Phoenicians?

&lt;P&gt;Cf. my (fairly long) paper &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;../Countinghouse-Muses.html&quot;&gt;Sing, Ye
Countinghouse Muses&lt;/a&gt;&quot; on the tangle of music, poetry, myths, commerce and
aristocracy in ancient and archaic Greece (roughly, from Homer to Aristotle).

&lt;ul&gt;See:
	&lt;li&gt;M. I. Finley, &lt;cite&gt;The Ancient Economy&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;George Hourani, &lt;cite&gt;Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient
and Early Medieval Times&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Polanyi, &lt;cite&gt;The Great Transformation&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Philip D. Curtin, &lt;cite&gt;Cross-Cultural Trade in World History&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/9780521269315&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;John Keay, &lt;cite&gt;The Spice Route: A History&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/10668.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Philiip L. Kohl, &lt;cite&gt;The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/052184780X&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Bronislaw Malinowski, &lt;cite&gt;Argonauts of the Pacific&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Marcel Mauss, &lt;cite&gt;The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Polanyi et al., &lt;cite&gt;Trade and Markets in Early Empires&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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