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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>The United States Congress, How It Works and For Whom</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/2009/11/14#congress</link>
    <description>
&lt;P&gt;I'm starting to do research on this, Heaven help me, as an exercise
in &lt;a href=&quot;social-networks.html&quot;&gt;network analysis&lt;/a&gt;.

See also
	&lt;a href=&quot;campaign-finance.html&quot;&gt;Campaign Finance&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;democracy.html&quot;&gt;Democracy&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;political-elites.html&quot;&gt;Political Elites&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;networks-of-political-actors.html&quot;&gt;Networks of Political
Actors&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;political-decision-making.html&quot;&gt;Political Decision Making&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;Recommended:
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jhfowler.ucdavis.edu/&quot;&gt;James Fowler&lt;/a&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Legislative Cosponsorship Networks in the U.S. House and
Senate,&quot; &lt;cite&gt;Social Networks&lt;/cite&gt; forthcoming [Short version of the
conference paper &quot;Who is the Best Connected
Congressperson?&quot;  &lt;a
href=&quot;http://jhfowler.ucdavis.edu/legislative_cosponsorship_networks.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;]
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Who is the Best Connected Congressperson? A Study of
Legislative Cosponsorship Networks&quot;
[Long version of the journal paper.  &lt;a
hrf=&quot;http://jhfowler.ucdavis.edu/best_connected_congressperson.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;]
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson, &lt;cite&gt;Off Center&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kenneth T. Poole, &quot;Recent Developments in Analytical Models
of Voting in the U.S. Congress&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Legislative Studies
Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;13&lt;/strong&gt; (1988): 117--133
	&lt;li&gt;Mason A. Porter, Peter J. Mucha, M. E. J. Newman and Casey M.
Warmbrand, &quot;A network analysis of committees in the U.S. House of
Representatives&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt;
(USA) &lt;strong&gt;102&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 7057--7062
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/papers/congress.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
reprint&lt;/a&gt; via Mark]
	&lt;li&gt;Frank J. Sorauf, &lt;cite&gt;Inside Campaign Finance: Myths and
Realities&lt;/cite&gt; [Good, but I found it vexing to read this 1992-vintage book in
2006 &amp;mdash; I kept wanting to know what he thought about the last 14 years!]
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Brad Alexander, &quot;Good Money and Bad Money: Do Funding Sources
Affect Electoral Outcomes?&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Political Research Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;58&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 353--358
	&lt;li&gt;E. Scott Adler, &lt;cite&gt;Why Congressional Reforms Fail: Reelection
and the House Committee System&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/14803.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;E. Scott Adler and John S. Lapinski (eds.), &lt;cite&gt;Macropolitics of Congress&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/8203.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;R. Douglas Arnold
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Congress and the Bureaucracy&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Congress, the Press, and Political
Accountability&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7756.html&quot;&gt;Blurb, ch. 1&lt;/a&gt;]
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Logic of Congressional Action&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Joseph M. Bessette, &lt;cite&gt;The Mild Voice of Reason: Deliberative
Democracy and American National Government&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/12508.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;.  I
must confess that, like many Americans, my inclination is to scoff at the idea
of Congress as a deliberative body.  But Bessette supposedly has empirical
evidence, which trumps cynicism. On the other hand, this was published in
1994, when I was, well, embarrassingly young; things may have been different
then.]
	&lt;li&gt;Thomas L. Brunell, &quot;The Relationship Between Political Parties
and Interest Groups: Explaining Patterns of PAC Contributions to Candidates
for Congress&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Political Research Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;58&lt;/strong&gt;
(2005): 681--688
	&lt;li&gt;Barry C. Burden, Gregory A. Caldeira and Tim Groseclose, &quot;Measuring
Ideologies of U.S. Senators: The Song Remains the Same&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Legislative
Studies Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;25&lt;/strong&gt; (2000): 237--258
	&lt;li&gt;Gary Cox and Matthew McCubbins, &lt;cite&gt;Legislative Leviathan&lt;/cite.
	&lt;li&gt;Michael X. Delli Carpini, &lt;cite&gt;What Americans Know About Politics
and Why It Matters&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Elizabeth Drew, &lt;cite&gt;The Corruption of American Politics&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Amihai Glazer, &quot;Predicting Committe Action&quot; [&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;:
&quot;Success of a policy often requires both that a good policy be adopted, and
that the public or firms correctly anticipate what policy government will
adopt. This paper models a relation between committee size and the
effectiveness of policy, with a focus on how the accuracy of the public's
expectations varies with the size of the governmental committee setting
policy. The paper also argues that the demand for access by special interest
groups may arise not from a desire to influence policy, but from a desire to
learn about government's likely actions.&quot; &lt;a
href=&quot;http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pl?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socsci.uci.edu%2Fecon%2Fpaper%2F2005-06%2FGlazer-21.pdf;h=repec:irv:wpaper:050621&quot;&gt;PDF
preprint&lt;/a&gt;
via &lt;a href=&quot;http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/irvwpaper/050621.htm&quot;&gt;RePEc&lt;/a&gt;,
via &lt;a
href=&quot;http://williamtozier.com/slurry/2006/09/04/all-i-really-want-to-know&quot;&gt;Bill
Tozier&lt;/a&gt;.]
	&lt;li&gt;Tim Groseclose, &quot;An Examination of the Market for Favors and Votes
in Congress&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Economic Inquiry&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;34&lt;/strong&gt; (1996):
320--340
	&lt;li&gt;Richard L. Hall, &lt;cite&gt;Participation in Congress&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;John R. Hibbing and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, &lt;cite&gt;Congress as
Public Enemy: Public Attitudes Toward American Political Institutions&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kristin Kanthak, &quot;Top-Down Divergence: The Effect of
Party-Determined Power on Candidate Ideological Placement&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;journal
Of Theoretical Politics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;14&lt;/strong&gt; (2002): 301--323
	&lt;li&gt;Roderick Kiewiet and Matthew McCubbins, &lt;cite.The Logic of
Delegation&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;John W. Kingdon, &quot;Models of Legislative Voting&quot;,
&lt;cite&gt;Journal of Politics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;39&lt;/strong&gt; (1977): 563--595
[&lt;a hrf=&quot;http://www.jstor.org/stable/2129644&quot;&gt;JSTOR&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Keith Krehbiel, &lt;cite&gt;Information and Legislative
Organization&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=8850&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Steven D. Levitt, &quot;How Do Senators Vote?  Disentangling the
Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senator Ideology&quot;,
&lt;cite&gt;The American Economic Review&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;86&lt;/strong&gt; (1996): 425--441
	&lt;li&gt;David R. Mayhew, &lt;cite&gt;Congress: The Electoral Connection&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gary Mucciaroni and Paul J. Quirk, &lt;cite&gt;Deliberative Choices:
Debating Public Policy in Congress&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/175370.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Anthony Nownes, &lt;cite&gt;Total Lobbying: What Lobbyists Want (and How
They Try to Get It)&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521547113&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Nelson W. Polsby, &lt;cite&gt;How Congress Evolves: The Social Bases
of Institutional Change&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kenneth W. Shotts, &quot;Does Racial Redistricting Cause Conservative
Policy Outcomes?  Policy Preferences of Southern Representatives in the 1980s
and 1990s&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;The Journal of Politics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;65&lt;/strong&gt; (2003):
216--226
	&lt;li&gt;James M. Snyder, Jr. and Tim Groseclose, &quot;Estimating Party
Influence in Congressional Roll-Call Voting&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;American Journal of
Political Sceince&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;44&lt;/strong&gt; (2000): 193--211
[&lt;a
href=&quot;http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0092-5853%28200004%2944%3A2%3C193%3AEPIICR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q&quot;&gt;JSTOR
link&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Michele L. Swers, &lt;cite&gt;The Difference Women Make: The Policy
Impact of Women in Congress&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15261.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Andrew Scott Waugh, Liuyi Pei, James H. Fowler, Peter J. Mucha,
Mason Alexander Porter, &quot;Party Polarization in Congress: A Social Networks Approach&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ssrn.com/abstract=1437055&quot;&gt;SSRN/1437055&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Julian E. Zelizer, &lt;cite&gt;On Capital Hill: The Struggle to Reform
Congress and its Consequences, 1948--2000&lt;/citE&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521681278&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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