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  <channel>
    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>Gene Expression Data Analysis</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/2012/03/18#gene-expression-data</link>
    <description>
&lt;P&gt;I won't try to explain what gene expression is or why it's important here
(see &lt;a href=&quot;signal-transduction.html&quot;&gt;Signal Transduction, Gene Expression,
and Control of Metabolism&lt;/a&gt; instead).  This notebook is to collect
references on the analysis of gene expression data, particularly using
&lt;a href=&quot;statistics.html&quot;&gt;statistical&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a
href=&quot;learning-inference-induction.html&quot;&gt;machine learning&lt;/a&gt; techniques.  I'm
especially interested in methods of recovering the structure of the regulatory
network from data, e.g. through application of &lt;a
href=&quot;graphical-models.html&quot;&gt;graphical model&lt;/a&gt; techniques.

&lt;P&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggregation.&lt;/em&gt;  The important papers by Chu et al. and by Wimberly et
al. (see below) reveal a major obstacle in the way of hopes for using graphical
model methods.  This is that the data in gene expression experiments is
typically obtained not from one cell but from many hundreds or thousands, and
the conditional independence relations that graphical models seek to determine
are not, in general, preserved under such aggregation.  (Chu et al. develop
this point theoretically, and Wimberly et al. show that existing
structure-learning methods fail on aggregated data from reasonable simulation
models.)  Having only just read the papers, it's not clear to me where this
leaves us.  One approach, which perhaps betrays my background as a physicist,
would be to try to artificially
&lt;a href=&quot;synchronization.html&quot;&gt;synchronize&lt;/a&gt; the cells before measuring
expression levels.  More subtle and statistical approaches may be possible.
Clearly, a very significant issue.  (Thanks to Tom Heiman for letting me
know about these papers.)

&lt;P&gt;See also:
	&lt;a href=&quot;bioinformatics.html&quot;&gt;Bioinformatics&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;complex-networks.html&quot;&gt;Complex Networks&lt;/a&gt;;
	&lt;a href=&quot;molecular-biology.html&quot;&gt;Molecular Biology&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;Recommended (&lt;citE&gt;PNAS&lt;/cite&gt; = &lt;cite&gt;Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; (USA)):
	&lt;li&gt;Zvi Bar-Joseph, &quot;Analyzing time series gene expression data&quot;,
&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15130923&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Bioinformatics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;20&lt;/strong&gt;
(2004): 2493--2503&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Allister Bernard and Alexander J. Hartemink, &quot;Informative Structure
Priors: Joint Learning of Dynamic Regulatory Networks from Multiple Types of
Data&quot; [An interesting approach, but I think partial observability is going to
be a killer here.  &lt;a
href=&quot;http://helix-web.stanford.edu/psb05/bernard.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF preprint&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Tianjiao Chu, Clark Glymour, Richard Scheines and Peter Spirtes, &quot;A
Statistical Problem for Inference to Regulatory Structure from Associations of
Gene Expression Measurements with Microarrays&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://bioinformatics.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/9/1147&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Bioinformatics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;19&lt;/strong&gt;
(2003): 1147--1152&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Patrik D'haeseleer, &lt;cite&gt;Reconstructing Gene Networks from Large
Scale Gene Expression Data,&lt;/cite&gt; Ph.D. thesis, University of New Meixco,
2000 [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.cs.unm.edu/~patrik/networks/networks.html&quot;&gt;on-line&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Scott Gaffney and Padhraic Smyth, &quot;Joint Probabilistic Curve
Clustering and Alignment&quot; in &lt;cite&gt;NIPS 2004&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.datalab.uci.edu/papers/sgaffney_nips2004.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
preprint&lt;/a&gt;.  General, but intended in the first instance for gene expression
data.]
	&lt;li&gt;Neal S. Holter, Amos Maritan, Marek Cieplak, Nina V. Fedoroff and
Jayanth R. Banavar, &quot;Dynamic Modeling of Gene Expression Data,&quot;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0102267&quot;&gt;cond-mat/0102267&lt;/a&gt; =
PNAS &lt;strong&gt;98&lt;/strong&gt; (2001): 1693--1698
	&lt;li&gt;Neal S. Holter, Madhusmita Mitra, Amos Maritan, Marek Cieplak,
Jayanth R. Banavar and Nina V. Fedoroff, &quot;Fundamental Patterns Underlying
Gene Expression Profiles: Simplicity from Complexity,&quot;
&lt;cite&gt;PNAS&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;97&lt;/strong&gt; (2000): 8409--8414 [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.150242097&quot;&gt;abstract&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Adri&amp;aacute;n L&amp;oacute;pez Garc&amp;iacute;a de Lomana, Qasim K. Beg,
G. de Fabritiis and Jordi Vill&amp;agrave;-Freixa, &quot;Statistical Analysis of Global Connectivity and Activity Distributions in Cellular Networks&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.3138&quot;&gt;arxiv:1004.3138&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Manul Middendorf, Etay Ziv and Chris Wiggins, &quot;Inferring Network
Mechanisms: The &lt;em&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/em&gt; Protein Interaction
Network&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0408010&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0408010&lt;/a&gt;
[Commented on under &lt;a href=&quot;complex-networks.html&quot;&gt;Complex Networks&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Chris J. Oates, Sach Mukherjee, &quot;Network Inference and Biological Dynamics&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.1047&quot;&gt;arxiv:1112.1047&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Frank C. Wimberly, Thomas Heiman, Joseph Ramsey and Clark Glymour,
&quot;Experiments on the Accuracy of Algorithms for Inferring the Structure of
Genetic Regulatory Networks from Microarray Expression Levels&quot; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.phil.cmu.edu/projects/genegroup/papers/wimberly2003b.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
preprint&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Pierre Baldi and G. Wesley Hatfield, &lt;cite&gt;DNA Microarrays and Gene
Expression: From Experiments to Data Analysis and Modeling&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ziv Bar-Joseph, Georg Gerber, Itamar Simon, David K. Gifford, and
Tommi S. Jaakkola, &quot;Comparing the continuous representation of time-series
expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes &quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1732547100&quot;&gt;&lt;citE&gt;PNAS&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;100&lt;/strong&gt;
(2003): 10146--10151&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gr&amp;eacute;gory Batt, Michel Page, Irene Cantone, Gregor Goessler, Pedro T. Monteiro, Hidde De Jong , &quot;Efficient parameter search for qualitative models of regulatory networks using symbolic model checking&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.2107&quot;&gt;arxiv:1005.2107&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sven Bergmann, Jan Ihmels and Naama Barkai, &quot;Iterative signature
algorithm for the analysis of large-scale gene expression data,&quot; &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.031902&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical Review
E&lt;/citE&gt; &lt;strong&gt;67&lt;/strong&gt; (2003): 031902&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David R. Bickel, &quot;Selecting an optimal rejection region for
multiple testing: A decision-theoretic alternative to FDR control, with an
application to microarrays,&quot; &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/math.PR/0212028&quot;&gt;math.PR/0212028&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;D. R. Bickel, Z. Montazeri, P.-C. Hsieh, M. Beatty, S. J. Lawit, N. J. Bate, &quot;Gene network reconstruction from transcriptional dynamics under kinetic model uncertainty: a case for the second derivative&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Bioinformatics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;25&lt;/strong&gt; (2009): 772--779, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.4127&quot;&gt;arxiv:0710.4127&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Anne-Laure Boulesteix and Gerhard Tutz, &quot;Identification of
interaction patterns and classification with applications to microarray
data&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.10.004&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Computational
Statistics and Data Analysis&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;50&lt;/strong&gt; (2006): 783--802&lt;/a&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stat.uni-muenchen.de/~socher/papers/epcsda.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
reprint&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Peter M. Bowers, Shawn J. Cokus, David Eisenberg and Todd
O. Yeates, &quot;Use of Logic Relationships to Decipher Protein Network
Organization&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Science&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;306&lt;/strong&gt; (2004): 2246--2249
	&lt;li&gt;Jean-Philippe Brunet, Pablo Tamayo, Todd R. Golub and Jill P.
Mesirov, &quot;Metagenes and molecular pattern discovery using matrix
factorization&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/12/4164&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;PNAS&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;101&lt;/strong&gt; (2004): 4164--4169&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;A. J. Butte and I. S. Kohane, &quot;Mutual Information Relevance
Networks: Functional Genomic Clustering Using Pairwise Entropy Measurements&quot;
[&lt;a href=&quot;www.smi.stanford.edu/projects/helix/psb00/butte.pdf&quot;&gt;online&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ramon Diaz-Uriarte, &quot;A simple method for finding molecular
signatures from gene expression data&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0401043&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0401043&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ramon Diaz-Uriarte and Sara Alvarez de Andres, &quot;Variable selection
from random forests: application to gene expression data&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0503025&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0503025&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Diego di Bernardo, Michael J Thompson, Timothy S Gardner, Sarah E
Chobot, Erin L Eastwood, Andrew P Wojtovich, Sean J Elliott, Scott E Schaus,
and James J Collins, &quot;Chemogenomic profiling on a genome-wide scale using
reverse-engineered gene networks&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1075&quot;&gt;&lt;citE&gt;Nature Biotechnology&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;23&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 377--383&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Christopher J. Easley, James M. Karlinsey, Joan M. Bienvenue,
Lindsay A. Legendre, Michael G. Roper, Sanford H. Feldman, Molly A. Hughes,
Erik L. Hewlett, Tod J. Merkel, Jerome P. Ferrance, and James P. Landers, &quot;A
fully integrated microfluidic genetic analysis system with sample-in-answer-out
capability&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604663103&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; (USA) &lt;strong&gt;103&lt;/strong&gt; (2006):
19272--19277&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Bradley Efron and Robert Tibshirani, &quot;On testing the significance
of sets of genes&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/math.ST/0610667&quot;&gt;math.ST/0610667&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;David P. Enot, Manfred Beckmann, David Overy, and John Draper,
&quot;Predicting interpretability of metabolome models based on behavior, putative identity, and biological relevance of explanatory signals&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605152103 &quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Porceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;103&lt;/strong&gt; (2006):
14865--14870&lt;/a&gt; [Yes, the metabolome isn't, strictly, &quot;gene expression&quot;; so?]
	&lt;li&gt;Lorenzo Farina and Ilaria Mogno, &quot;A Fast Reconstruction Algorithm
for Gene Networks&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0401044&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0401044&lt;/a&gt; [Assuming
the underlying system is a linear time-invariant network --- hah!]
	&lt;li&gt;Nir Friedman, Long Cai and X. Suney Xie, &quot;Linking Stochastic
Dynamics to Population Distribution: An Analytical Framework for Gene
Expression&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.168302&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical Review
Letters&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;97&lt;/strong&gt; (2006): 168302&lt;/a&gt; [They seem to make
some very strong probabilistic assumptions here, and possibly one of spatial
uniformity across the cell as well.  Think carefully about whether these
are really required]
	&lt;li&gt;Mika Gustafsson, Michael Hornquist and Anna Lombardi, &quot;Large-scale
reverse engineering by the Lasso&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0403012&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0403012&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jean Hausser and Korbinian Strimmer, &quot;Entropy Inference and the James-Stein Estimator, with Application to Nonlinear Gene Association Networks&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/v10/hausser09a.html&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Journal of Machine Learning Research&lt;/citE&gt; &lt;strong&gt;10&lt;/strong&gt;
(2009): 1469--1484&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nordita.dk/~hertz/projects.html&quot;&gt;John Hertz&lt;/a&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Statistical issues in reverse engineering of genetic
networks&quot;
		&lt;li&gt;Mattias Wahde and JH, &quot;Modeling Genetic Regulatory
Dynamics in Neural Development&quot;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gareth M. James, Chiara Sabatti, Nengfeng Zhou, and Ji Zhu,
&quot;Sparse regulatory networks&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoas/1280842135&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Annals of Applied Statistics&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; (2010): 663--686&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Shane T. Jensen, Guang Chen, Christian J. Stoeckert Jr, &quot;Bayesian
Variable Selection and Data Integration for Biological Regulatory
Networks&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/math.ST/0610034&quot;&gt;math.ST/0610034&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;C. Kendziorski, R. A. Irizarry, K.-S. Chen, J. D. Haag and M. N.
Gould, &quot;On the utility of pooling biological samples in microarray experiments&quot;,
&lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0500607102&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;PNAS&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;102&lt;/strong&gt;
(2005): 4252--4257&lt;/a&gt; [Open access]
	&lt;li&gt;R. Khanin, V. Vinciotti and E. Wit, &quot;Reconstructing repressor
protein levels from expression of gene targets in &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;Http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603390103&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; (USA) &lt;strong&gt;103&lt;/strong&gt; (2006):
18592--18596&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Isaac S. Kohane, Alvin T. Kho and Atul J. Butte, &lt;cite&gt;Microarrays
for an Integrative Genomics&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Nicole Kraemer, Juliane Schaefer, Anne-Laure Boulesteix,
&quot;Regularized estimation of large-scale gene association networks using
graphical Gaussian
models&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.0603&quot;&gt;arxiv:0905.0603&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sophie L&amp;egrave;bre, &quot;Inferring dynamic genetic networks with low order independencies&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.2551&quot;&gt;arxiv:0704.2551&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Su-In Lee, Dana Pe'er, Aim&amp;eacute;e M. Dudley, George M. Church and
Daphne Koller, &quot;Identifying regulatory mechanisms using individual variation reveals key role for chromatin modification&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;&lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601852103&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Porceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; (USA) &lt;strong&gt;103&lt;/strong&gt; (2006):
14062--14067&lt;/a&gt; [Open access]
	&lt;li&gt;Michele Leone, Sumedha, Martin Weigt, &quot;Clustering by
soft-constraint affinity propagation: Applications to gene-expression
data&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/0705.2646&quot;&gt;arxiv:0705.2646&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Wentian Li, Young Ju Shu and Jingshan Zhang, &quot;Does Logarithm
Transformation of Microarray Data Affect Ranking Order of Differentially
Expressed
Genes?&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0606018&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0606018&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Adam A. Margolin, Ilya Nemenman, Chris Wiggins, Gustavo Stolovitzky
and Andrea Califano, &quot;On the Reconstruction of Interaction Networks with
Applications to Transcriptional Regulation&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0410036&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0410036&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Adam A. Margolin, Ilya Nemenman, Katia Basso, Ulf Klein, Chris
Wiggins, Gustavo Stolovitzky, Riccardo Dalla Favera and Andrea Califano,
&quot;ARACNE: An algorithm for the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks in a
mammalian cellular context&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0410037&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0410037&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Manuel Middendorf, Anshul Kundaje, Chris Wiggins, Yoav Freund and
Christina Leslie
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Predicting Genetic Regulatory Response using
Classification: Yeast Stress Response&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0406016&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0406016&lt;/a&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Predicting Genetic Regulatory Response Using
Classification&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0411028&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0411028&lt;/a&gt;
= &lt;citE&gt;Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Intelligent
Systems for Molecular Biology&lt;/cite&gt; (ISMB 2004) I232--I240
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Jane E. Aubin and Charlotte A. Peterson, &quot;
Modeling Genetic Networks from Clonal Analysis&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0412047&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0412047&lt;/a&gt; =
&lt;cite&gt;Journal of Theoretical Biology&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;230&lt;/strong&gt; (2004):
359--373
	&lt;li&gt;Ilya Nemenman, &quot;Information theory, multivariate dependence, and
genetic network inference&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0406015&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0406015&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Bernhard O. Palsson, &lt;citE&gt;Systems Biology: Properties of
Reconstructed Networks&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cambridge.org/0521859034&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Giovanni Parmigiani, &lt;cite&gt;The Analysis of Gene Expression
Data&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ashoka D. Polpitiya, J. Perren Cobb and Bijoy K. Ghosh, &quot;Genetic
Regulatory Networks and Co-Regulation of Genes: A Dynamic Model Based
Approach&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10984413_18&quot;&gt;pp. 291ff of
Wijesuriya P. Dayawansa, Anders Lindquist, Yishao Zhou (eds.),
&lt;cite&gt;New Directions and Applications in Control Theory&lt;/cite&gt;
(Springer-Verlag, 2005)&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jos&amp;eacute; M. Ranz and Carlos A. Machado, &quot;Uncovering evolutionary
patterns of gene expression using microarrays&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.09.002&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Trends in Ecology and
Evolution&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;21&lt;/strong&gt; (2006): 29--37&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Karen Sachs, Omar Perez, Dana Pe'er, Douglas A. Lauffenburger and
Garry P. Nolan, &quot;Causal Protein-Signaling Networks Derived from Multiparameter
Single-Cell Data&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105809&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Science&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;308&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 523--529&lt;/a&gt; [This is protein interaction, not
gene regulation, but still...]
	&lt;li&gt;Areejit Samal, Olivier C. Martin, &quot;Randomizing genome-scale metabolic networks&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.1473&quot;&gt;arxiv:1012.1473&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Robert Tibshirani and Larry Wasserman, &quot;Correlation-sharing for
detection of differential gene
expression&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/math.ST/0608061&quot;&gt;math.ST/0608061&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Jean-Philippe Vert, Jian Qiu and William Stafford Noble, &quot;Metric
learning pairwise kernel for graph inference&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0610040&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0610040&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kai Wang, Nilanjana Banerjee, Adam Margolin, Ilya Nemenman, Katia
Basso, Riccardo Favera and Andrea Califano, &quot;Conditional Network Analysis
Identifies Candidate Regulator Genes in Human B Cells&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.MN/0411003&quot;&gt;q-bio.MN/0411003&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Chris Wiggins and Ilya Nemenman, &quot;Process Pathway Inference via
Time Series Analysis,&quot; &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0206031&quot;&gt;physics/0206031&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Roy Wilds and Leon Glass, &quot;Contrasting methods for symbolic
analysis of biological regulatory networks&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.062902&quot;&gt;&lt;citE&gt;Physical Review E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;80&lt;/strong&gt; (2009): 062902&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Johannes Wollbold, &quot;Attribute Exploration of Discrete Temporal
Transitions&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0701009&quot;&gt;q-bio/0701009&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Matthew A. Zapala and Nicholas J. Schork, &quot;Multivariate regression
analysis of distance matrices for testing associations between gene expression
patterns and related variables&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609333103&quot;&gt;&lt;citE&gt;Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences&lt;/cite&gt; (USA) &lt;strong&gt;103&lt;/strong&gt; (2006):
19430--19435&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Shu-Dong Zhang and Timothy W. Gant, &quot;Effect of pooling samples on
the efficiency of comparative studies using
microarrays&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0510024&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0510024&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Etay Ziv, Manuel Middendorf and Chris Wiggins, &quot;An
Information-Theoretic Approach to Network Modularity&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.QM/0411033&quot;&gt;q-bio.QM/0411033&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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