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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>Personal Violence</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/1994/10/03#personal-violence</link>
    <description>


As opposed to organized violence, like &lt;a href=&quot;war.html&quot;&gt;war&lt;/a&gt;.  I'm not
sure whether family feuds or gang warfare fits.

&lt;P&gt;Frequency over historical time.  In the US.  In other industrial countries.
In non-industrial contries.  History of impulsive violence.  Gun trade.

&lt;P&gt;In &lt;cite&gt;Landscapes of Fear,&lt;/cite&gt; Yi-Fu Tuan quotes the following
estimates for the homicide rates (number of persons killed per year per 100,000
people) in several jursidiction of medieval England, averaged over a few
decades: Bedford, Kent: 28; Warwick: 19; Norfolk: 9; Bristol: 4; London: 8--15.
Since the 1930s, Britain has averaged 0.4 --- but the United States, since
1974, a far more traditional 9.7.  That is to say, by this very basic measure
we are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a civilized country.  (Some more recent but not strictly
comprable numbers come from the &lt;cite&gt;Economist,&lt;/cite&gt; 22 Oct. 1994,
supplement, p. 4: homicides ``of males, by males'' per year per 100,000: USA
12.4, EU 1.6, Japan 0.9.  No variance is supplied, so I can't say whether the
difference between the EU and Japan signfies.)  Query: what has made the
Europeans so much more peaceful than their ancestors?  And why are Americans so
much more violent than other industrial peoples?  (We are also much more
religious and we have many more guns.  Would the NRA sponsor an inquiry into
the effects of wide-spread belief in immortality on homicide rates, I wonder?)

&lt;ul&gt;See:
	&lt;li&gt;John Brunner, &lt;cite&gt;Stand on Zanzibar&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Erik Larson, &lt;cite&gt;Lethal Passage&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Nisbett and Cohen, &lt;citE&gt;Culture of Honor: The Psychology of
Violence in the South&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Yi-Fu Tuan, &lt;cite&gt;Landscapes of Fear&lt;/cite&gt; [The statistics I
quoted are from p. 132]
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Geofrrey Canada, &lt;cite&gt;Fist Stick Knife Gun: A Personal History of
Violence in America&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Johnson and Monkkonen (eds.), &lt;cite&gt;The Civilization of Crime:
Violence in Town and Country since the Middle Ages&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Polk, &lt;cite&gt;When Men Kill: Scenarios of Masculine Violence&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a href=&quot;http://cambridge.org/0521468086&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Terance D. Miethe and Wendy C. Regoeczi, &lt;cite&gt; Rethinking
Homicide: Exploring the Structure and Process Underlying Deadly
Situations&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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