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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>State-Space Reconstruction</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/2009/04/10#state-space-reconstruction</link>
    <description>
&lt;P&gt;An aspect of &lt;a href=&quot;time-series.html&quot;&gt;time series analysis&lt;/a&gt;: given that
the time series came from a &lt;a href=&quot;chaos.html&quot;&gt;dynamical system&lt;/a&gt;, figure
out the state space of that system from observation &lt;em&gt;alone&lt;/em&gt;.

&lt;P&gt;The first publication this subject was that by Packard et al.  The
first &lt;em&gt;proof&lt;/em&gt; that this can work was that of Takens, which remains the
standard reference.  A footnote in Packard et al. leads me to believe that they
idea may actually have originated with David Ruelle.

&lt;P&gt;I am especially interested in ways of making this idea work for
stochastic systems.



&lt;ul&gt;Recommended (big picture):
	&lt;li&gt;Holger Kantz and Thomas Schreiber, &lt;cite&gt;Nonlinear Time Series
Analysis&lt;/cite&gt; [An excellent presentation of the nonlinear dynamical systems
approach, which comes out of physics]
	&lt;li&gt;Norman H. Packard, James P. Crutchfield, J. Doyne Farmer and Robert
S. Shaw, &quot;Geomtry from a Time Series,&quot; &lt;cite&gt;Physical Review
Letters&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;45&lt;/strong&gt; (1980): 712--716
	&lt;li&gt;David Ruelle, &lt;cite&gt;Chaotic Evolution and Strange Attractors: The
Statistical Analysis of Deterministic Nonlinear Systems&lt;/cite&gt; [From notes
prepared by Stefano Isola]
	&lt;li&gt;Floris Takens, &quot;Detecting Strange Attractors in Fluid Turbulence&quot;,
pp. 366--381 in D. A. Rand and L. S. Young (eds.), &lt;cite&gt;Symposium on Dynamical
Systems and Turbulence&lt;/cite&gt; (Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics vol. 898;
1981)
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;Recommended (close-ups):
	&lt;li&gt;Markus Abel, Karsten Ahnert, J&amp;uuml;rgen Kurths and Simon Mandelj,
&quot;Additive nonparametric reconstruction of dynamical systems from time
series&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.015203&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical
Review E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;71&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 015203&lt;/a&gt; [Thanks to Prof.
K&amp;uuml;rths for a reprint]
	&lt;li&gt;James P. Crutchfield and Karl Young, &quot;Inferring Statistical
Complexity&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Physical Review Letters&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;63&lt;/strong&gt;
(1989): 105--108 [&lt;a href=&quot;http://cse.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/papers/ISC.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
reprint via Jim&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;G. Langer and U. Parlitz, &quot;Modeling parameter dependence from time
series&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056217&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical
Review E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;70&lt;/strong&gt; (2004): 056217&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;J. Timmer, H. Rust, W. Horbelt and H. U. Voss, &quot;Parametric,
nonparametric and parametric modelling of a chaotic circuit time series,&quot;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/CD/0009040&quot;&gt;nlin.cd/0009040&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;Modesty forbids me:
	&lt;li&gt;CRS and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stat.cmu.edu/~klinkner/&quot;&gt;Kristina
Lisa Klinkner&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;Blind Construction of Optimal Nonlinear Predictors for
Discrete Sequences&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.LG/0406011&quot;&gt;cs.LG/0406011&lt;/a&gt; = pp. 504--511
of &lt;cite&gt;Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the
Twentieth Conference&lt;/cite&gt; (UAI 2004)
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Frank Boettcher, Joachim Peinke, David Kleinhans, Rudolf Friedrich,
Pedro G. Lind, and Maria Haase, &quot;On the proper reconstruction of complex
dynamical systems spoilt by strong measurement
noise&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin.CD/0607002&quot;&gt;nlin.CD/0607002&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Abraham Boyarsky and Pawel Gora, &quot;Chaotic maps derived from
trajectory data&quot;, &lt;cite&gt;Chaos&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt; (2002): 42--48
	&lt;li&gt;Cees Diks, &lt;cite&gt;Nonlinear Time Series Analysis: Methods and
Applications&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sara P. Garcia and Jonas S. Almedia, &quot;Multivariate phase space
reconstruction by nearest neighbor embedding with different time
delays&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin.CD/0609029&quot;&gt;nlin.CD/0609029&lt;/a&gt;
= &lt;citE&gt;Physical Review E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;72&lt;/strong&gt; (2006): 027205
	&lt;li&gt;Gershenfeld and Weigend (eds.), &lt;cite&gt;Time Series Prediction:
Forecasting the Future and Understanding the Past&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Joachim Holzfuss, &quot;Prediction of long-term dynamics from
transients&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.016214&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical Review
E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;71&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 016214&lt;/a&gt; [State-space reconstruction by
experimentation, rather than just observation.  Sounds very cool.]
	&lt;li&gt;S. Ishii and M.-A. Sato, &quot;Reconstruction of chaotic dynamics by
on-line EM algorithm,&quot; &lt;cite&gt;Neural Networks&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;14&lt;/strong&gt;
(2001): 1239--1256
	&lt;li&gt;Joachim Holzfuss, &quot;Prediction of long-term dynamics from
transients&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.016214&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Physical Review
E&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;71&lt;/strong&gt; (2005): 016214&lt;/a&gt; [State-space reconstruction by
experimentation, rather than just observation.  Sounds very cool.]
	&lt;li&gt;Kevin Judd and Tomomichi Nakamura, &quot;Degeneracy of time series
models: The best model is not always the correct model&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2213957&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Chaos&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;16&lt;/strong&gt; (2006): 033105&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;A. P. Nawroth and J. Peinke, &quot;Multiscale reconstruction of time
series&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0608069&quot;&gt;physics/0608069&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;James C. Robinson, &quot;A topological delay embedding theorem for
infinite-dimensional dynamical systems&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/18/5/013&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Nonlinearity&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt;
(2005): 2135--2143&lt;/a&gt; [&quot;A time delay reconstruction theorem inspired by that
of Takens ...  is shown to hold for finite-dimensional subsets of
infinite-dimensional spaces, thereby generalizing previous results which were
valid only for subsets of finite-dimensional spaces.&quot;]
	&lt;li&gt;Michael Small and C. K. Tse, &quot;Optimal embedding parameters: A
modeling paradigm&quot;, &lt;a
href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0308114&quot;&gt;physics/0308114&lt;/a&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;J. Stark, D. S. Broomhead, M. E. Davies and J. Huke, &quot;Takens
embedding theorems for forced and stochastic systems&quot;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0362-546X(96)00149-6&quot;&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Nonlinear
Analysis&lt;/cite&gt; &lt;strong&gt;30&lt;/strong&gt; (1997): 5303--5314&lt;/a&gt; [Thanks to Martin
Nilsson Jacobi for telling me about this.  I definitely need to read it... but
according to &lt;cite&gt;Mathematical Reviews&lt;/cite&gt; (
MR1726033), the stochastic case
is handled by treating it as forcing by a shift map on sequence space, which is
an infinite-dimensional space...]
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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