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    <title>Notebooks   </title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks</link>
    <description>Cosma's Notebooks</description>
    <language>en</language>

  <item>
    <title>Superstition</title>
    <link>http://bactra.org/notebooks/1997/04/07#superstition</link>
    <description>


&lt;blockquote&gt;Fear of power invisible, feigned by the mind, or imagined from
tales publicly allowed, religion; not allowed, superstition.
	&lt;br&gt;--- Hobbes, &lt;cite&gt;Leviathan,&lt;/cite&gt; I, vi&lt;/blockquote&gt;

General character.  History.  Migration of superstitions, socially and
geographically.  Equivalent concepts outside Europe.  And Plato.  And the
neo-Platonists.  And the Church Fathers.  And &lt;a href=&quot;renaissance.html&quot;&gt;the
Renaissance&lt;/a&gt;.  And the &lt;a href=&quot;enlightenment.html&quot;&gt;Enlightenment&lt;/a&gt;.  And
Confucianism.  And Taoism.  And Sufism.  Before and after WWI.  And mass media.
And advertising.  And popular accounts of science.  And technological change.
And &lt;a href=&quot;evol-psych.html&quot;&gt;evolutionary psychology.&lt;/a&gt; And the &lt;a
href=&quot;history-of-science.html&quot;&gt;history of science&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;ul&gt;Recommended:
	&lt;li&gt;T. W. &lt;a href=&quot;adorno.html&quot;&gt;Adorno&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;The Stars Down to Earth&quot;
[Analysis of the Los Angeles &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt; astrology column and its
readers.  Actually comprehensible, for a wonder.  Translated in
&lt;cite&gt;Telos&lt;/cite&gt; in the early '70s, along with &quot;Theses Against Occultism,&quot;
which are gibberish.  --- Now reprinted in a glossy trade paperback from
Routledge checking in at just under $20 at the nearest bookstore, the better to
undermine commodity-fetishism and the domination of society by exchange-value.]
	&lt;li&gt;Burnham, &lt;cite&gt;How Superstition Won and Science Lost&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Frederick Crews, &quot;The Consolations of Theosophy&quot;, parts &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.nyrev.com/nyrev/WWWarchdisplay.cgi?1996091926R&quot;&gt;I&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.nyrev.com/nyrev/WWWarchdisplay.cgi?1996100338F&quot;&gt;II&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;cite&gt;New York Review of Books&lt;/cite&gt; 19 September and 3 October 1996,
respectively.
	&lt;li&gt;Robert Darnton, &lt;cite&gt;Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in
France&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;L. Sprague de Camp, &lt;cite&gt;Lost Contients&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Richard de Mille [The definitive exposures of the charlatan ---
though de Mille is too polite to use the word: internal inconsistencies,
sources and plagiarism, factual errors --- the essay in &lt;cite&gt;The Don Juan
Papers&lt;/cite&gt; about the Sonoran desert is particularly compelling: in short,
everything.]
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Castaneda's Journey: The Power and the
Allegory&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt; (ed.), &lt;cite&gt;The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda
Controversies&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Michael Dummett, &lt;cite&gt;The Visconti-Sfroza Tarot Cards&lt;/cite&gt;
[Mostly color reproductions of one of the oldest surviving decks of Tarot
cards, but the introduction contains a brief history of the cards, and explains
how their use in fortune-telling was an invention of a cracked French nobleman
of the late 18th century; cf. Darnton's book above.]
	&lt;li&gt;Christopher Evans, &lt;cite&gt;Cults of Unreason&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sir James Frazer, &lt;cite&gt;The Golden Bough&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Martin Gardner
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Science: Good, Bad and Bogus&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The New Age: Notes of a Fringe-Watcher&lt;/cite&gt;	
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gustav Jahoda, &lt;cite&gt;The Psychology of Superstition&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Donna Kossy
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Kooks&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teleport.com/~dkossy/&quot;&gt;Kooks Museum&lt;/a&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;lucretius.html&quot;&gt;Titus Lucretius Carus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;cite&gt;De Rerum
Natura&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Joseph &lt;a href=&quot;needham.html&quot;&gt;Needham&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;cite&gt;Science and
Civilisation in China,&lt;/cite&gt; vol. II, &lt;cite&gt;History of Scientific
Thought,&lt;/cite&gt; chapter on &quot;Pseudo-Sciences and the Sceptical Tradition&quot;
	&lt;li&gt;James &quot;The Amazing&quot; Randi
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Flim-Flam!&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;An Ecyclopedia of Claims, Frauds and Hoaxes of the
Occult and Supernatural&lt;/cite&gt; [Not too reliable, I'm afraid, east of the
Indus, or perhaps even the Euphrates; but for Euro-American rubbish it's
spot-on]
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Bertrand &lt;a href=&quot;bertrand-russell.html&quot;&gt;Russell&lt;/a&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A History of Western Philosophy&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;An Outline of Intellectual Rubbish&quot; (in &lt;cite&gt;Unpopular
Essays&lt;/cite&gt;)
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Wayne Shumaker, &lt;cite&gt;The Occult Sciences in the Renaissance: A
Study of Intellectual Patterns&lt;/cite&gt; [Includes little essays pointing out ---
as must have been very necessary in Berkeley in 1972 --- that said sciences
were crap, and were known to be so at the time, at least by those with their
heads plugged in.]
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stelling.nl/simpos/simpoeng.htm&quot;&gt;SIMPOS:
Information about Social Problems and Occult Tendencies&lt;/a&gt; [Dutch website]
	&lt;li&gt;John Sladek, &lt;cite&gt;The New Apocrypha&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dan Sperber
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&quot;Apparently Irrational Beliefs&quot; (or some title on that
order) in &lt;cite&gt;On Anthropological Knowledge&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;../reviews/explaining-culture/&quot;&gt;Review: How to Catch Insanity from
Your Kids (Among Others); or, &lt;cite&gt;Histoire naturelle de l'infame&lt;/a&gt;]
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Peter Washington,  &lt;cite&gt;Madame Blavatsky's Baboon&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;To read:
	&lt;li&gt;Vaughan Bell, Venu Reddy, Peter Halligan, George Kirov and
Hadyn Ellis, &quot;Relative suppression of magical thinking: 
A transcranial magnetic stimulation study&quot;, &lt;citE&gt;Cortex&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;forthcoming&lt;/cite&gt; (2007) [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://arginine.spc.org/vaughan/Bell_et_al_TMSStudy_Manuscript_Preprint.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF
preprint via Dr. Bell&lt;/a&gt;;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mindhacks.com/blog/2007/05/dispelling_ghostly_i.html&quot;&gt;his
weblog post on same&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Susan Blackmore, &lt;cite&gt;In Search of the Light: The Adventures of a
Parapsychologist&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;E. M. Butler, &lt;cite&gt;The Myth of the Magus&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.cup.org/Titles/43/0521437776.html&quot;&gt;blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;L. S. and C. de Camp, &lt;cite&gt;Spirits, Stars and Spells&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dodd, &lt;cite&gt;The Greeks and the Irrational&lt;/cite&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;Drucker, &lt;cite&gt;The Alphabetic Labyrinth&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Valerie I. Flint, &lt;cite&gt;The Rise of Magic in Early Modern Europe&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Charles Fort
	&lt;li&gt;Kieckhefer, &lt;cite&gt;Magic in the Middle Ages&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Kunz, &lt;cite&gt;Curious Lore of Precious Stones&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Gary Lachman, &lt;cite&gt;The Dedalus Book of the Occult: The Dark Muse&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Luck, &lt;cite&gt;Arcana Mundi&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dale B. Martin, &lt;cite&gt;Inventing Superstition: From the Hippocratics
to the Christians&lt;/cite&gt;
[&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/MARINV.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Marcel Mauss, &lt;cite&gt;A General theory of Magic&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Donald Meyer, &lt;cite&gt;The Positive Thinkers&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Moore, &lt;cite&gt;In Search of White Crows&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Alex Owen, &lt;cite&gt;The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and
the Culture of the Modern&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15872.ctl&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Sara Schechner-Genuth, &lt;cite&gt;Comets, Popular Culture, and the Birth
of Modern Cosmology&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Reginald Scot, &lt;cite&gt;Discovery of Witchcraft&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Stuart A. Vyse, &lt;cite&gt;Believing in Magic: The Psychology of
Superstition&lt;/cite&gt; [&lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.oup-usa.org/publicity/pr_0195078829.html&quot;&gt;Blurb&lt;/a&gt;]
	&lt;li&gt;Webb
		&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Occult Underground&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Occult Establishment&lt;/cite&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Johann Weyer, &lt;cite&gt;Witches, Devils and Doctors in the
Renaissance&lt;/cite&gt; = &lt;cite&gt;De pr&amp;aelig;stigiis d&amp;aelig;monum&lt;/cite&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;Yates, &lt;cite&gt;Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition&lt;/cite&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
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